{"id":553,"date":"2008-08-16T18:38:54","date_gmt":"2008-08-16T12:53:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sparksupport.com\/blog\/?p=553"},"modified":"2024-07-01T12:46:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T12:46:46","slug":"postgresql-command-line-tips","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sparksupport.com\/blog\/postgresql-command-line-tips\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL Command line Tips"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) based on POSTGRES, Version 4.2, developed at the University of California at Berkeley Computer Science Department. POSTGRES pioneered many concepts that only became available in some commercial database systems much later with PostgreSQL Command.<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL is an open-source descendant of this original Berkeley code. It supports a large part of the SQL standard and offers many modern features:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>complex queries<\/li>\n<li>foreign keys<\/li>\n<li>triggers<\/li>\n<li>views<\/li>\n<li>transactional integrity<\/li>\n<li>multiversion concurrency control<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can login to shell by<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p># su &#8211; postgres<\/p>\n<p>bash$<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p><strong>How to create a database<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Normally, the database user who executes this command becomes the owner of the new database. However a different owner can be specified via the -O option, if the executing user has appropriate privileges.<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ createdb sparksuppport<\/p>\n<p>CREATE USER<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Accessing a Database<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Once you have created a database, you can access it by running the PostgreSQL interactive terminal program, called psql, which allows you to interactively enter, edit, and execute SQL commands.<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ psql <a href=\"https:\/\/sparksupport.com\/\">sparksupport<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Welcome to psql 8.0.13, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.<\/p>\n<p>Type: \\copyright for distribution terms<\/p>\n<p>\\h for help with SQL commands<\/p>\n<p>\\? for help with psql commands<\/p>\n<p>\\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query<\/p>\n<p>\\q to quit<\/p>\n<p>sparksupport=&gt;<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Creating a User<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>createuser creates a new PostgreSQL user. Only superusers (users with usesuper set in the pg_shadow table) can create new PostgreSQL users, so createuser must be invoked by someone who can connect as a PostgreSQL superuser.<\/p>\n<p>Being a superuser also implies the ability to bypass access permission checks within the database, so superuserdom should not be granted lightly.<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ createuser spark<\/p>\n<p>Shall the new user be allowed to create databases? (y\/n) n<\/p>\n<p>Shall the new user be allowed to create more new users? (y\/n) n<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dropping a database<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ dropdb sparksupport<\/p>\n<p>DROP DATABASE<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dropping a User<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ dropuser spark<\/p>\n<p>DROP USER<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Creating, Dropping Groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Currently, there is no easy interface to set up user groups. You have to explicitly insert\/update the pg_group table. For example.<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p># su &#8211; postgres<\/p>\n<p>bash$ psql sparksupport<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;.. in psql press up\/down arrow keys for history line editing or \\s<\/p>\n<p>sparksupport=&gt; insert into pg_group (groname, grosysid, grolist)<\/p>\n<p>sparksupport=&gt; values (&#8216;hackers&#8217;, &#8216;1234&#8217;, &#8216;{5443, 8261}&#8217; );<\/p>\n<p>INSERT 58224<\/p>\n<p>sparksupport=&gt; grant insert on foo to group hackers;<\/p>\n<p>CHANGE<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p><strong>To drop the group<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p># su &#8211; postgres<\/p>\n<p>bash$ psql sparksupport<\/p>\n<p>sparksupport=&gt; delete from pg_group where groname = &#8216;hackers&#8217;;<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Backup and Restore database of PostgreSQL Command<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>pg_dump is a utility for backing up a PostgreSQL database. It makes consistent backups even if the database is being used concurrently. pg_dump does not block other users accessing the database (readers or writers).<\/p>\n<p>To dump a database:<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ pg_dump sparksupport &gt; db.out<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p>To reload this database:<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ psql -d newdatabasename -f db.out<\/p>\n<p>or<\/p>\n<p>bash$ cat db.out | psql newdatabasename<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p>To dump all databases<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ man pg_dumpall<\/p>\n<p>bash$ pg_dumpall -o &gt; db_all.out<br \/>\nTo reload (restore) all databases dumped with pg_dumpall:<br \/>\nbash$ psql -e template1 &lt; db_all.out<br \/>\nBackup large databases<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p>To dump a database called sparksupport that contains large objects to a tar file:<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ pg_dump -Ft -b sparksupport &gt; db.tar<br \/>\nReload with :<br \/>\nbash$ createdb<\/p>\n<p>bash$ gunzip -c filename.dump.gz | psql<\/p>\n<p>Or<\/p>\n<p>bash$ cat filename.dump.gz | gunzip | psql<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p>Use split:<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ pg_dump | split -b 1m &#8211; filename.dump.<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p>Note: There is a dot (.) after filename.dump in the above command!!<\/p>\n<p>You can reload with:<\/p>\n<p>[bash]<\/p>\n<p>bash$ man createdb<\/p>\n<p>bash$ createdb<\/p>\n<p>bash$ cat filename.dump.* | pgsql<\/p>\n<p>[\/bash]<\/p>\n<p>For further referrence on PostgreSQL Command http:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/8.0\/static\/index.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) based on POSTGRES, Version 4.2, developed at the University of California at Berkeley Computer Science Department. POSTGRES<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,6],"tags":[38,39],"class_list":["post-553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-linux","tag-pgsql-commands","tag-postgresql-commands"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL Command line Tips - for database server communication<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We know the importance of commands, get list of the most widely used PostgreSQL Command to help you communicate with the psql database server\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sparksupport.com\/blog\/postgresql-command-line-tips\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL Command line Tips - 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