{"id":1989,"date":"2016-03-01T10:43:09","date_gmt":"2016-03-01T04:58:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sparksupport.com\/blog\/?p=1989"},"modified":"2024-06-21T12:19:53","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T12:19:53","slug":"an-introduction-to-bacula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sparksupport.com\/blog\/an-introduction-to-bacula\/","title":{"rendered":"Bacula An Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"

What is Bacula?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Bacula is a software which permits the system administrator to manage backup, recovery, and verification of computer data across a network of computers of different kinds. The majority of the source code of Bacula is released under the GNU General Public License version 2. Bacula can run entirely upon a single computer and can backup to various types of media, including tape and disk.<\/p>\n

In technical terms, it is a network Client\/Server based backup program. Bacula is relatively easy to use and efficient, while offering many advanced storage management features that make it easy to find and recover lost or damaged files. Due to its modular design, Bacula is scalable from small single computer systems to systems consisting of hundreds of computers located over a large network.<\/p>\n

Why and Who Needs Bacula?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

If you are currently using a program such as tar,zip or dump to backup your computer data, and you would like a network solution, more flexibility, or catalog services, Bacula will most likely provide the additional features you want with our IT infrastructure management services<\/a>. Since it is a sophisticated backup package, the Bacula project does not recommend using Bacula for newbies and those only need to perform basic backup tasks.<\/p>\n

Bacula Components or Services<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"long<\/a><\/p>\n

     Bacula Components or Services<\/p>\n

Bacula is made up of the following five major components or services:<\/p>\n

1. Bacula Director (DIR):<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Software that controls the backup and restore operations that are performed by the File and Storage daemons. It supervises all the backup, restore, verify and archive operations. The system administrator uses the Bacula Director to schedule backups and to recover files. The Director runs as a daemon (or service) in the background.<\/p>\n

2. Storage Daemon (SD): <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Software that performs reads and writes on the storage devices used for backups.<\/p>\n

3. Database Bacula Console:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The Bacula Console service is the program that allows the administrator or user to communicate with the Bacula Director Currently, the Bacula Console is available in three versions: text-based console interface, QT-based interface, and a wxWidgets graphical interface. The first and simplest is to run the Console program in a shell window (i.e. TTY interface). Most system administrators will find this completely adequate. The second version is a GNOME GUI interface that is far from complete, but quite functional as it has most the capabilities of the shell Console. The third version is a wxWidgets GUI with an interactive file restore. It also has most of the capabilities of the shell console, allows command completion with tabulation, and gives you instant help about the command you are typing.<\/p>\n

4. Databases server:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The DB server manages catalog services. Which are comprised of the software programs responsible for maintaining the file indexes and volume databases for all files backed up. The Catalog services permit the system administrator or user to quickly locate and restore any desired file. The Catalog services sets Bacula apart from simple backup programs like tar and bru, because the catalog maintains a record of all Volumes used, all Jobs run, and all Files saved, permitting efficient restoration and Volume management. Bacula currently supports three different databases, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite, one of which must be chosen when building Bacula.<\/p>\n

5. File Daemon (FD):<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The File daemon is a program that runs on each (Client) machine. At the request of the Director, finds the files to be backed up and sends them (their data) to the Storage daemon. We have to specify the following things in the file daemon configuration.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Client<\/em>         <\/strong>\u2013 to define what Clients are to be backed up.
\n\u2022 Director <\/strong><\/em>    \u2013 to define the Director\u2019s name and its access password.
\n\u2022 Messages<\/strong><\/em>  \u2013 to define where error and information messages are to be sent.<\/p>\n

\n

Installation
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

For the installtion of Bacula you will need two machines. I done all this on ubuntu 12.04. So please make necessary changes if you are using a RHEL based distribution. I set the hostname of my server as  BackupServer<\/span> and the client machine\u2019s host name is ClientMachine<\/span>. Change these values to what you are using.  You can add respective hosts entries for a better communication across both. If you don\u2019t have proper DNS for the domains it is a mandatory thing.<\/p>\n

Client Installation<\/h2>\n

No local backups will be stored on the remote client machine, so not all of the bacula components need to be installed.<\/p>\n

Install the the bacula-fd (file-daemon) and the bconsole (bacula console) on this machine with apt-get using the bacula-client metapackage:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get install bacula-client\n\n<\/pre>\n
Client Machine Configuration<\/h2>\n
We will only be editing the bacula file daemon configuration file in the client machine. Open the file with root privileges with the following command:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/bacula\/bacula-fd.conf\n\n<\/pre>\n
We need to modify few items and save some information that we will need for our server configuration. Begin by finding the Director<\/em> section.<\/p>\n
The bacula director is located on the backup server. Change the \u201cName\u201d parameter to the hostname of your backup server followed by \u201c-dir\u201d.<\/p>\n
You have to copy the password that bacula generated for your client file daemon. <\/strong><\/em>You have to use it to while  are configuring your backup server settings:<\/p>\n
Director {\n  Name = BackupServer<\/span>-dir\n  Password = \"QVw6rZpQkdbJRdkGWOG7luJhn-vu83cG<\/span>\"  # Copy this password for later reference!\n}\n\nNext, we need to adjust one parameter in the<\/pre>\n
FileDaemon<\/em><\/p>\n
 section. We will change the \u201cFDAddress\u201d parameter to match the IP address or domain name of our client machine. The \u201cName\u201d parameter should already be populated correctly with the client file daemon name:\n\nFileDaemon {                          # this is me\n  Name = ClientMachine<\/span>-fd\n  FDport = 9102                  # where we listen for the director\n  WorkingDirectory = \/var\/lib\/bacula\n  Pid Directory = \/var\/run\/bacula\n  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20\n  FDAddress = ClientMachine.DomainName.com<\/span>\n}\n\nWe also need to configure this daemon to pass its log messages to the backup cloud server. Find the<\/pre>\n
Messages<\/em><\/p>\n
 section and change the \u201cdirector\u201d parameter to match your backup cloud server\u2019s name.\n\nMessages {\n  Name = Standard\n  director =  BackupServer<\/span>-dir = all, !skipped, !restored\n}\n\n<\/pre>\n
Save the file and exit.<\/p>\n
Check that your configuration file has the correct syntax with the following command:<\/p>\n
sudo bacula-fd \/etc\/bacula\/bacula-fd.conf\n\n<\/pre>\n
If the command returns no output, the configuration file has valid syntax. Restart the file daemon to use the new settings:<\/p>\n
sudo service bacula-fd restart<\/pre>\n
The client machine is now correctly configured.<\/p>\n
In this example, we would like to restore to a folder on this same machine. Create the file structure and lock down the permissions and ownership for security with the following commands:<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/bacula\/restore\nsudo chown -R bacula:bacula \/bacula\nsudo chmod -R 700 \/bacula\n\n<\/pre>\n
The client machine is now configured correctly. Next, we will configure the backup cloud server to pull the file data from the client.<\/p>\n
Backup Server Configuration<\/h3>\n
The major configuration are actually done on the backup server. That is because the bacula \u201cdirector\u201d manages all other bacula processes and must be able to communicate correctly with a number of different components.<\/p>\n
To start, open the \u201cbacula-dir.conf\u201d file with administrator privileges:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/bacula\/bacula-dir.conf\n\n\n<\/pre>\n
Job Configuration<\/h3>\n
Begin by finding the Job<\/em> Section. The current configuration is named \u201cBackupClient1\u2033 and is used for the backup server\u2019s local backup. We need to change the name to reflect this:<\/p>\n
Job {\n  Name = \"LocalBackup<\/span>\"\n  JobDefs = \"DefaultJob\"\n}\n\n<\/pre>\n
Now that we have identified the first job as backing up on the local machine, we want to create a similar job for backup up our remote client. To do this, copy and paste the job definition below the one you just modified.<\/p>\n
Change the name to reflect the fact that this is a remote backup scenario. The \u201cClient\u201d parameter identifies our remote client file daemon as the target for our backup. The Pool parameter allows bacula to store its remote backups separate from our local backups. We will define the pool we\u2019re referencing later in the file:<\/p>\n
Job {\n  Name = \"RemoteBackup<\/span>\"\n  JobDefs = \"DefaultJob\"\n  Client = ClientMachine<\/span>-fd\n  Pool = RemoteFile<\/span>\n}\n\n<\/pre>\n
Next, define a place for the remote backups to restore. We will use the directory that we created on the client machine to restore remote backups.<\/p>\n
Find the \u201cRestoreFiles\u201d job definition. Copy the current entry and paste it below. We will then modify some entries to label it accurately and work with client machine:<\/p>\n
Job {\n  Name = \"RestoreRemote<\/span>\"\n  Type = Restore\n  Client=ClientMachine<\/span>-fd\n  FileSet=\"Full Set\"\n  Storage = File     \n  Pool = Default\n  Messages = Standard\n  Where = \/bacula\/restore<\/span>\n}\n\n<\/pre>\n
Client Configuration<\/h3>\n
Find the Client<\/em> definition. We will change the \u201cAddress\u201d parameter to reflect our actual backup cloud server IP address instead of using localhost. The password should already be set correctly for the local machine.<\/p>\n
Client {\n  Name = BackupServer<\/span>-fd\n  Address = BackupServer.DomainName.com<\/span>\n  FDPort = 9102\n  Catalog = MyCatalog\n  Password = \"CRQF7PW-mJumFtENX2lqGvJ6gixPTyRQp<\/span>\"          # password for Local FileDaemon\n  File Retention = 30 days            # 30 days\n  Job Retention = 6 months            # six months\n  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired Jobs\/Files\n}\n\n<\/pre>\n
The next step is to actually define the client machine that we\u2019ve been referencing in our configuration. Copy the Client<\/em> entry we just modified paste it below the current definition. This new definition will be for the remote machine that we are backing up.<\/p>\n
Match the name to your client machine\u2019s hostname followed by \u201c-fd\u201d. The \u201cAddress\u201d line needs to match the client machine\u2019s IP address or domain name as well.<\/p>\n
Finally, this is where you enter the password that you copied from the remote client\u2019s file daemon configuration file<\/strong>. Make sure that you modify this password value, or else bacula will not function correctly.<\/p>\n
Client {\n  Name = ClientMachine<\/span>-fd\n  Address = ClientMachine.DomainName.com<\/span>\n  FDPort = 9102 \n  Catalog = MyCatalog\n  Password = \"QVw6rZpQkdbJRdkGWOG7luJhn-vu83cG-\"          # password for Remote FileDaemon\n  File Retention = 30 days            # 30 days\n  Job Retention = 6 months            # six months\n  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired Jobs\/Files\n}\n\n\n<\/pre>\n
Storage Configuration<\/h3>\n
Next, change the \u201cAddress\u201d parameter in the Storage<\/em> section with the IP address or domain name of the backup VPS. Once again, the password should already be correct here:<\/p>\n
Storage {\n  Name = File\n# Do not use \"localhost\" here   \n  Address = BackupServer.DomainName.com<\/span>                # N.B. Use a fully qualified name here\n  SDPort = 9103\n  Password = \"097dnj3jw1Yynpz2AC38luKjy5QTnGoxS<\/span>\"\n  Device = FileStorage\n  Media Type = File\n}\n\n<\/pre>\n
Pool Configuration<\/h3>\n
Find the Pool<\/em> definitions section. We will first add a parameter to the \u201cFile\u201d pool definition. Add the \u201cLabel Format\u201d parameter to the definition and choose a prefix to name local file backups. For this guide, local backups will have \u201cLocal-\u201d as a prefix.<\/p>\n
Pool {\n  Name = File\n  Pool Type = Backup\n  Recycle = yes                       # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes\n  Label Format = Local-<\/span>\n  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired volumes\n  Volume Retention = 365 days         # one year\n  Maximum Volume Bytes = 50G          # Limit Volume size to something reasonable\n  Maximum Volumes = 100               # Limit number of Volumes in Pool\n}\n\n<\/pre>\n
Next, we need to copy the section we just modified and paste it below the current entry. This will be set up for remote backup storage.<\/p>\n
Change the name of the new pool to reflect its job of storing remote backups. Also, change the prefix by adjusting the \u201cLabel Format\u201d parameter to be \u201cRemote-\u201c<\/p>\n
Pool { \n  Name = RemoteFile<\/span>\n  Pool Type = Backup\n  Recycle = yes                       # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes\n  Label Format = Remote-<\/span>\n  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired volumes\n  Volume Retention = 365 days         # one year\n  Maximum Volume Bytes = 50G          # Limit Volume size to something reasonable\n  Maximum Volumes = 100               # Limit number of Volumes in Pool\n}\n\n<\/pre>\n
Save and close the file.<\/p>\n
Editing bacula-sd.conf<\/h3>\n
Next, open the \u201cbacula-sd.conf\u201d file with root privileges:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/bacula\/bacula-sd.conf\n\n\n<\/pre>\n
Change the \u201cSDAddress\u201d parameter to reflect the backup server\u2019s IP address or domain name:<\/p>\n
Storage {                             # definition of myself\n  Name = BackupServer-sd\n  SDPort = 9103                  # Director's port\n  WorkingDirectory = \"\/var\/lib\/bacula\"\n  Pid Directory = \"\/var\/run\/bacula\"\n  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20\n  SDAddress = BackupServer.DomainName.com<\/span>\n}<\/pre>\n
Checking the Configuration and Restarting Services<\/h3>\n
Check the configuration with the following commands:<\/p>\n
sudo bacula-dir \/etc\/bacula\/bacula-dir.conf\nsudo bacula-sd \/etc\/bacula\/bacula-sd.conf<\/pre>\n
If no output is returned, the configuration files have valid syntax. If this is the case, restart the daemons to use the new settings:<\/p>\n
sudo service bacula-director restart\nsudo service bacula-sd restart<\/pre>\n
 Testing Remote Backups<\/div>\n
Log into the bacula console to test the backup functionality.<\/p>\n
sudo bconsole<\/pre>\n
Test that the bacula director can connect to the remote machine by typing the following:<\/p>\n
status\nStatus available for:\n     1: Director\n     2: Storage\n     3: Client\n     4: All\nSelect daemon type for status (1-4):<\/pre>\n
Choose #3 to check on the client connection and then select the remote machine:<\/p>\n
3: Client\n2: ClientMachine<\/span>-fd<\/pre>\n
It should return a summary with some statistics, confirming that we can connect to the remote file daemon.<\/p>\n
Run a test backup of the remote system by typing the following command:<\/p>\n
run\nAutomatically selected Catalog: MyCatalog\nUsing Catalog \"MyCatalog\"\nA job name must be specified.\nThe defined Job resources are:\n     1: LocalBackup\n     2: RemoteBackup\n     3: BackupCatalog\n     4: RestoreFiles\n     5: RestoreRemote\nSelect Job resource (1-5):<\/pre>\n
Select the \u201cRemoteBackup\u201d option to run a backup of the remote machine. Type \u201cyes\u201d to begin the backup:<\/p>\n
2: RemoteBackup<\/pre>\n
The director will send the backup task to the remote file daemon and which will pass its information to the backup server\u2019s storage daemon. You can check the status of the job using the \u201cstatus\u201d command as we did above. You should also check the messages using the \u201cmessages\u201d command.<\/p>\n
messages<\/pre>\n
If you continue to check messages, eventually you will receive a summary of the backup operation. It should contain the line \u201cTermination: Backup OK\u201d if everything went as expected.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
What is Bacula? 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